Lamotrigine

(Date: January 2020. Version: 3)

This factsheet has been written for members of the public by the UK Teratology Information Service (UKTIS). UKTIS is a not-for-profit organisation funded by the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) on behalf of UK Health Departments. UKTIS has been providing scientific information to health care providers since 1983 on the effects that medicines, recreational drugs and chemicals may have on the developing baby during pregnancy.

What is it?

Lamotrigine (Lamictal®) is used to treat epilepsy, sometimes in combination with other medicines. Lamotrigine is also used in the treatment of bipolar disorder.

Is it safe to take lamotrigine in pregnancy?

When deciding whether to use lamotrigine during pregnancy it is important to weigh up the potential benefits to your health and wellbeing against any possible risks to you or your baby, some of which may depend on how many weeks pregnant you are. Use of lamotrigine in pregnancy may sometimes be considered necessary to control epilepsy or bipolar disorder. Your doctor or specialist will help you make decisions about your treatment.

It is recommended that all women taking anti-epileptic medicines also take high dose folic acid (5mg/day) whilst trying to conceive and during the first trimester of pregnancy. High dose folic acid has to be prescribed by a doctor. For more information please see the folic acid bump leaflet.

What if I have already taken lamotrigine during pregnancy?

If you have taken or are taking any medicines it is always a good idea to let your doctor know that you are pregnant so that you can decide together whether you still need the medicines that you are on and to make sure that you are taking the lowest dose that works and only for as long as you need to.

It is very important that you do not suddenly stop taking lamotrigine as this could be dangerous. Do not make any changes to your medication without first talking to your doctor.

Because of the normal bodily changes associated with a progressing pregnancy, the dose of lamotrigine may need to be adjusted to ensure that symptoms remain well-controlled. Your doctor may offer ongoing monitoring to determine whether dose changes are required.

Can taking lamotrigine in pregnancy cause birth defects in the baby?

A baby’s body and most internal organs are formed during the first 12 weeks of pregnancy. It is mainly during this time that some medicines are known to cause birth defects.

The likelihood of birth defects has been studied in around 13,000 babies born to women who took lamotrigine during pregnancy. These babies do not appear to be any more likely to have a birth defect than babies born to women who didn’t take lamotrigine.

Can taking lamotrigine in pregnancy cause miscarriage or stillbirth?

There is currently no proof that lamotrigine use in pregnancy causes miscarriage or stillbirth. However, the number of women studied is quite small and ongoing research is therefore ideally required.

Can taking lamotrigine in pregnancy cause preterm birth or my baby to be small at birth (low birth weight)?

No links between taking lamotrigine in pregnancy and preterm birth or low birth weight in the baby were identified in studies, each of around 3,000 women.

Can taking lamotrigine in pregnancy cause other health problems in the child?

Withdrawal symptoms at birth (‘neonatal withdrawal’)
Withdrawal symptoms are thought to occur when a newborn baby’s body has to adapt to no longer getting certain types of medicines through the placenta.

Lamotrigine works in a similar way to other medicines that are known to cause neonatal withdrawal, therefore close monitoring of your baby for a few days after birth may be advised if you have taken lamotrigine regularly in the weeks before delivery. Monitoring of your baby may be particularly important if you have taken lamotrigine in combination with other antiepileptic medicines or medicines that act on the brain.

Learning and behavioural problems
A baby’s brain continues to develop right up until the end of pregnancy. It is therefore possible that taking certain medicines at any stage of pregnancy (particularly those that act upon the brain) could have a lasting effect on a child’s learning or behaviour.

Several studies have assessed the learning and behaviour of children exposed in the womb to lamotrigine. Although the results are generally reassuring, for some outcomes only small numbers of children at quite young ages have been studied. Ongoing research, including assessments of children as they get older, is therefore ideally required.

Will I or my baby need extra monitoring?

Most women will be offered a scan at around 20 weeks of pregnancy to look for birth defects as part of their routine antenatal care. Taking lamotrigine in pregnancy is not expected to cause problems that would require extra monitoring of your baby. However, women with epilepsy may be more closely monitored during pregnancy to ensure that they remain well throughout and that their baby is growing and developing as expected. 

If you have taken lamotrigine around the time of delivery your baby may require extra monitoring after birth because of the risk of neonatal withdrawal.

Are there any risks to my baby if the father has taken lamotrigine?

We would not expect any increased risk to your baby if the father took lamotrigine before or around the time you became pregnant.

Who can I talk to if I have questions?

If you have any questions regarding the information in this leaflet please discuss them with your health care provider. They can access more detailed medical and scientific information from www.uktis.org

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General information 

Up to 1 out of every 5 pregnancies ends in a miscarriage, and 1 in 40 babies are born with a birth defect. These are referred to as the background population risks.  They describe the chance of these events happening for any pregnancy before taking factors such as the mother’s health during pregnancy, her lifestyle, medicines she takes and the genetic make up of her and the baby’s father into account.

Medicines use in pregnancy

Most medicines used by the mother will cross the placenta and reach the baby. Sometimes this may have beneficial effects for the baby.  There are, however, some medicines that can harm a baby’s normal development.  How a medicine affects a baby may depend on the stage of pregnancy when the medicine is taken. If you are on regular medication you should discuss these effects with your doctor/health care team before becoming pregnant.

If a new medicine is suggested for you during pregnancy, please ensure the doctor or health care professional treating you is aware of your pregnancy.

When deciding whether or not to use a medicine in pregnancy you need to weigh up how the medicine might improve your and/or your unborn baby’s health against any possible problems that the drug may cause. Our bumps leaflets are written to provide you with a summary of what is known about use of a specific medicine in pregnancy so that you can decide together with your health care provider what is best for you and your baby.   

Every pregnancy is unique. The decision to start, stop, continue or change a prescribed medicine before or during pregnancy should be made in consultation with your health care provider. It is very helpful if you can record all your medication taken in pregnancy in your hand held maternity records.

   

www.medicinesinpregnancy.org

Disclaimer: This information is not intended to replace the individual care and advice of your health care provider. New information is continually becoming available. Whilst every effort will be made to ensure that this information is accurate and up to date at the time of publication, we cannot cover every eventuality and the information providers cannot be held responsible for any adverse outcomes following decisions made on the basis of this information. We strongly advise that printouts should NOT be kept for any length of time, or for “future reference” as they can rapidly become out of date.

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