Vitamin D

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Date: May 2025, Version 3.0

Quick read

NHS guidelines recommend that all pregnant women should take a daily vitamin D supplement between September and March.

What is it?

Vitamin D is needed for your body to absorb the calcium from your food. Vitamin D deficiency (when levels are too low) can cause your bones to weaken and break more easily. 

Vitamin D is found naturally in in oily fish, cod liver oil, red meat, liver, egg yolks, and is added to foods such as margarine and breakfast cereal. Vitamin D is produced in the body from sunlight on the skin. It is also present in some vitamin supplements.

Benefits

What are the benefits of taking vitamin D in pregnancy?

Vitamin D is safe during pregnancy and is needed for your health and your baby’s development. NHS guidelines recommend that all pregnant women take a daily vitamin D supplement between September and March (when it is not possible to get enough vitamin D from the sun in the UK).

If you are diagnosed with a vitamin D deficiency through a blood test, it is important to replace the vitamin D in your body. Your doctor might prescribe high strength vitamin D to make sure that your vitamin D levels get back to normal as quickly as possible.

Risks

Are there any risks of taking vitamin D in pregnancy?

No. It is important that you have enough vitamin D in pregnancy to stay healthy and so that your baby develops normally.

Alternatives

Are there any alternatives to taking vitamin D in pregnancy?

In the summer months (April to August) it might be possible to get enough vitamin D from sun exposure during your normal outdoor activities. You should still use sunscreen to prevent sunburn. Some women might still need to take a vitamin D supplement in the summer (for example, those with darker skin pigmentation or who cover exposed skin for religious or cultural reasons). In the winter months, all pregnant women should take a vitamin D supplement.

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What if I don’t want to take vitamin D during pregnancy?

If you are unlikely to get enough vitamin D from sun exposure, it is important to take a supplement during pregnancy to stay healthy and ensure your baby develops normally.

Will my baby need extra monitoring during pregnancy?

As part of their routine antenatal care, most women will be offered a scan at around 20 weeks of pregnancy to look for birth defects and to check the baby’s growth. 

Taking vitamin D supplements in pregnancy at the recommended doses will not cause any problems that would require extra monitoring.

Are there any risks to my baby if the father has taken vitamin D?

We do not expect any increased risk to your baby if the father took vitamin D before or around the time you became pregnant.

Who can I talk to if I have questions?

If you have any questions regarding the information in this leaflet, please discuss them with your healthcare provider. They can access more detailed medical and scientific information from www.uktis.org.

How can I help to improve drug safety information for pregnant women in the future?

Our online reporting system (MyBump Portal) allows women who are currently pregnant to create a secure record of their pregnancy, collected through a series of questionnaires. You will be asked to enter information about your health, whether or not you take any medicines, your pregnancy outcome and your child's development. You can update your details at any time during pregnancy or afterwards. This information will help us better understand how medicines affect the health of pregnant women and their babies. Please visit the MyBump Portal to register.

General information
Sadly, miscarriage and birth defects can occur in any pregnancy.

Miscarriage occurs in about 1 in every 5 pregnancies, and 1 in every 40 babies are born with a birth defect. This is called the ‘background risk’ and happens whether medication is taken or not.

Most medicines cross the placenta and reach the baby. For many medications this is not a problem. However, some medicines can affect a baby’s growth and development.

If you take regular medication and are planning to conceive, you should discuss whether your medicine is safe to continue with your doctor/health care team before becoming pregnant. If you have an unplanned pregnancy while taking a medicine, you should tell your doctor as soon as possible.

If a new medicine is suggested for you during pregnancy, please make sure that the person prescribing it knows that you are pregnant. If you have any concerns about a medicine, you can check with your doctor, midwife or pharmacist.

Our Bumps information leaflets provide information about the effects of medicines in pregnancy so that you can decide, together with your healthcare provider, what is best for you and your baby.

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